Will China's economy have a 'hard landing'? What's the current status of GMOs? How will personal income tax be reformed? Is there a timetable for fully liberalizing the birth policy? How to solve the difficulty of seeing a doctor? When will the delayed retirement plan be announced? ... At this year's National People's Congress and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, many widely concerned economic and livelihood issues received responses from relevant department heads ↓↓↓

1. China's Economy: Will Never 'Hard Land' "China's economy will absolutely not have a 'hard landing.' The so-called 'hard landing' prophecy is bound to fail." At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 6, Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, stated that China's economy has strong internal support, flexibility, and resilience against risks, which is an undeniable fact. With five favorable conditions—solid material foundation, huge market demand, broad regional development space, improved production factor quality, and rich experience in macro-control—we are fully capable of keeping China's economy running within a reasonable range, and we are confident in the prospects for development. "To view China's economy, one should no longer use traditional, past perspectives," Xu said. Instead, it should be viewed from the perspective of the new normal. The core of the new normal for China's economy is three aspects: speed change, structural optimization, and power conversion. We should look at China's economy from these three angles.

2. GMOs: No Large-Scale Illegal Planting At a press conference held by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on March 6, Chen Xiwen, a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy director of the Economic Committee, deputy head of the Central Rural Work Leading Group and director of its office, and deputy director of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group Office, stated that the Chinese government currently approves only two genetically modified agricultural products for commercial production and sale: cotton and papaya. Other products like tomatoes, peppers, and purple sweet potatoes are not genetically modified. At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 7, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu stated that the national policy on GMO technology development and the specific work of the Ministry of Agriculture can be summarized in three sentences: be bold in research and adhere to independent innovation; be cautious in promotion and ensure safety; be strict in management and enforce supervision according to law. Regarding the illegal planting of genetically modified crops, Han said it is the behavior of a very small number of individuals and entities in individual regions and for individual varieties. There has been no large-scale illegal planting, and it is controllable. It will be managed according to law.

3. Personal Income Tax Reform: Plan Being Proposed "A plan for personal income tax reform is being proposed." At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 7, Minister of Finance Lou Jiwei stated that the Third Plenary Session proposed gradually establishing a personal income tax system combining comprehensive and classified taxation. Last year, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and other relevant departments studied the key and difficult issues involved in personal income tax reform and formed a reform plan. "Our plan has been submitted to the State Council. According to the legislative plan of the National People's Congress and the requirements of the State Council, this year we will submit the draft of the personal income tax law combining comprehensive and classified taxation to the National People's Congress for review," Lou said. Regarding whether to raise the personal income tax threshold, Lou said that simply raising the threshold is unfair. A person with a monthly salary of 5,000 yuan can live well, but if they also have to raise children or support an elderly parent, they may be very tight. Therefore, a uniform deduction standard is inherently unfair. Continuously raising the deduction standard under the wage income category is not the right direction.

4. Fully Liberalizing Birth Policy: No Timetable At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 8, Li Bin, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, stated that China is a populous country with a large population, and the population is relatively strained with resources and the environment. The basic national policy of family planning must be adhered to for a long time. "As for when to fully liberalize, my answer today is similar to two years ago: there is no timetable," Li said. The national policy must be upheld, and the birth policy will be scientifically assessed based on population development trends at each stage, and adjusted and improved in a timely manner according to changes in the situation. Regarding the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy, Li said that according to estimates, there are about 90 million couples nationwide eligible for the policy. By 2050, the working-age population will increase by about 30 million, and the proportion of the elderly in the total population will decrease, making the population structure more balanced.

5. Difficulty Seeing a Doctor: Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment to Solve Supply-Demand Contradiction When Li Bin, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, was interviewed on the "Minister's Passage" on March 5, she responded to the widely circulated video of a woman angrily denouncing scalpers: "I want to thank that girl! Her shout promoted the resolution of a long-standing problem." She said that the scalper problem is fundamentally a structural contradiction in medical resources. The health department will work with the public security department to crack down on scalpers. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong have already taken action, maintaining a high-pressure stance while truly implementing real-name registration for appointments. At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 8, Ma Xiaowei, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, stated that the core of the difficulty and high cost of seeing a doctor is the contradiction between supply and demand. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is an important measure to alleviate this problem, a guarantee for the realization of a medical system where everyone has access, a re-adjustment of China's medical resource pattern, and a change in medical-seeking habits. Regarding how to meet the public's medication needs, especially the problem of expensive patented drugs that people cannot afford, Li Bin said that measures are being taken, including accepting suggestions and proposals from representatives and committee members, and conducting national negotiations. "We have already conducted pilot negotiations. The results have been relatively ideal, with significant price reductions, generally by more than 50%," Li said. "Once drug negotiations succeed, we will consider including them in the relevant drug reimbursement catalog, so that the price of these drugs can drop significantly," said Ma Xiaowei, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. While negotiating price reductions, attention is also paid to domestic research and development of generic drugs and localization, as well as considering opening green channels for some special drugs and implementing rapid import measures.

6. Delayed Retirement: Online Timetable Misinterpreted, Plan to Be Introduced This Year "The delayed retirement timetable circulating online, including related calculation formulas and age plans, differs from our plan in terms of target age settings and retirement ages for different groups," said Yin Weimin, minister of Human Resources and Social Security, in an interview on the "Minister's Passage" on March 9. He said that the delayed retirement plan will be approved through relevant procedures this year, then released for public comment, and after improvement, formally introduced. Yin said that the formulation of the delayed retirement plan mainly considers three aspects: first, small steps and gradual implementation; second, differentiated treatment and phased implementation; third, advance publicity and advance notice. During the formulation process, opinions from all walks of life will be widely listened to, and the plan will be continuously enriched and improved.

7. Housing Prices: City-Specific Policies to Stabilize the Market "Currently, housing prices in first-tier cities are changing significantly, and we are paying close attention to this. We are in close communication with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, trying every means to stabilize the real estate market," said Chen Zhenggao, minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in an interview on the "Minister's Passage" at the Great Hall of the People on March 5. He said that the specific measures for the four cities to stabilize the market include: first, implementing strict purchase restrictions, as well as strict differentiated taxation and credit policies; second, increasing land supply and promptly publishing information to stabilize confidence; third, increasing the supply of small and medium-sized units and ensuring the construction of affordable housing; fourth, cracking down on illegal and non-compliant activities in various transactions; fifth, correctly guiding public opinion. At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 6, Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in some first- and second-tier cities, housing prices have risen relatively quickly and significantly. The governments of these cities are taking measures to regulate, such as purchase restrictions, which are administrative means. Economic means can also be used to adjust economic policies. Housing land supply should be increased, and the construction of affordable housing and shantytown renovation should be accelerated. Unreasonable speculative demand should be curbed. "Through city-specific policies, housing prices will definitely stabilize," said Jiang Daming, minister of Land and Resources, when passing through the "Minister's Passage" on March 9. He said that the Ministry of Land and Resources will take measures such as maintaining supply with pressure, optimizing structure, and classified regulation to reasonably increase urban land supply.

8. Multi-School Zoning: Balanced Development to Solve Difficulties When answering reporters' questions about multi-school zoning on the "Minister's Passage" at the Great Hall of the People on March 3, Minister of Education Yuan Guiren said that multi-school zoning is a method explored by various places to solve the problem when single-school zoning cannot meet the needs of surrounding parents. This method is still being explored. The Ministry of Education recognizes this method, and localities can choose single-school zoning or multi-school zoning according to actual conditions. "However, in the long run, every school should improve its quality, and every student should be able to attend a good school near home, so parents no longer need to travel far to choose schools," Yuan said. The ultimate solution to this problem depends on the balanced development of compulsory education, which is a process. At a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 10, Yuan said that after central decision-making, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, China's compulsory education will remain nine years, with the focus on making compulsory education better. Regarding the discussion on unified national college entrance examination papers, Yuan said, "Will it transition to one examination center using one paper in the future? I think the future will be answered by practice."

9. Agricultural Product Quality and Safety: Zero Tolerance, 100% Effort "Regarding agricultural product quality and safety issues, our attitude as the agricultural authority is very clear: although we cannot achieve zero occurrence, we adhere to zero tolerance. Even a 1% problem, we will make 100% effort to solve," said Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu at a press conference held by the National People's Congress on March 7. Han said that in recent years, due to increased efforts from the central to local levels, the quality and safety level of agricultural products has been improving, with an overall stable and improving trend. However, problems cannot be ignored. We have over 1.3 billion mouths to feed, and the daily consumption of agricultural products is very large. Even a very small percentage of problems can be a large absolute number. Therefore, ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products is a difficult task. The goal of the "13th Five-Year Plan" is to further improve the quality and safety level of agricultural products.

10. Smog Control: Who Is More Powerful, Humans or Wind? Pollution Control Has Three Stages Regarding the widely concerned smog control, Minister of Environmental Protection Chen Jining said at a press conference on March 11 that pollution control has three stages: The first stage: pollution emissions exceed the environmental capacity. In this stage, even with great efforts, only small results can be seen. This stage may also be due to unclear understanding of the causes of pollution, resulting in poor treatment effects and no visible results. The second stage: continuous treatment, but affected by many natural boundary conditions, such as wind speed, humidity, rainfall, and other natural boundaries, there will be fluctuations. Sometimes it meets standards, and sometimes it is heavy. Especially under extreme weather conditions, this performance is more prominent. The third stage: further treatment of pollution emissions, no longer affected by these climatic, hydrological, and boundary conditions, and we will solve the environmental problem. Currently, China's atmospheric environment treatment is in the second stage, moving toward the third stage. "We have made tremendous efforts to solve our pollution emission and smog problems, fully implementing the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. From structural emission reduction, industrial restructuring, coal control to vehicle pollution control, including straw burning and dust, we have taken a large number of measures, using hard measures to meet hard challenges. Whether we can stably meet standards in the coming years still needs some time. But after all, like high jumping, we have finally reached the standard in a key region and touched the bar. This is very difficult and increases our confidence in pollution control." (Source: Economic Daily ID/jjrbwx)

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